The Rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz): http://www.philosophybasics.com/movements_rationalism.html
Francis Bacon and the Four Idols: http://www.sirbacon.org/links/4idols.htm
John Locke’s Empiricism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-a4ueSsa3Y
George Berkeley and Empirical Idealism: http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/4r.htm
David Hume and Phenomenalism: http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/David_Hume
Correspondence and Coherence Theories: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-coherence/ The first paragraph will be sufficient.
Realism and Anti-Realism: Are phenomena independent of
the mind or do our minds shape entirely as to how we know, https://www.closertotruth.com/series/realism-vs-anti-realism
Kant’s Copernican Revolution: https://www.quora.com/What-is-Kants-Copernican-Revolution
Kantian Synthesis of Empiricism and Rationalism: https://sourcepov.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/kant-21stc-main-v1.jpg
Pragmatism and Pragmaticism: https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/truth-pragmatic-theory-of/v-1
Lecture II from William James’ Pragmatism: https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/james.htm
Phenomenology and Knowing: https://www.sonoma.edu/users/d/daniels/phenomlect.html
Philosophy of Science: http://positivists.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Ryan-Reece-2014-07-18-scientific-realism-vs-anti-realism.png
Sextus Empiricus and Skepticism: http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/skepticism.html
Skepticism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpPEIIRvJ_4
A. J. Ayer and Metaphysics is meaningless: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/ch3pptvelasquez12-150815155444-lva1-app6891/95/ch3ppt-velasquez12-28-638.jpg?cb=1439654198
Alonzo Church vs. A. J. Ayer; i.e., the problem of
verification: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ayer/#2.1
